(BoilerMaker application courtesy of Nalco Fuel Tech and Argonne National Lab) The cone is constrained to move only where injector placement is possible in the actual physical boiler. The user selects injectors by moving a conical object with the wand and pressing a button.
(C) The BoilerMaker application allows for interactive placement and visualization of injectors within a boiler. (A) Here a spherical drone is flown by the user via a joystick until it comes into contact with the desired object in (B).
Some VR applications use a 3D cursor analogous to a mouse cursor to make selections. Maybe ejection could have been better portrayed by pulling a device symbol out of a computer symbol.įIGURE 6-23. It might have been more faithful to the desktop metaphor if the system would discard an external disk, or at least delete its contents, when it is dragged and dropped onto the trash can, instead of ejecting it. The famous criticism of the Macintosh platform’s design of ejecting an external disk by dragging its icon into the trash can is a well-known illustration of how a metaphor breakdown attracts attention. When a metaphor breaks down, it is a violation of the agreement implicit in a conceptual design. But metaphors, like any analogy, can break down when the existing knowledge and the new design do not match. 15.3.6.1 Metaphors can cause confusion if not used properlyĪs critical components of a conceptual design, metaphors set the theme of how the design works, establishing an agreement between the designer’s vision and the user’s expectations. See how natural that interaction is when the “physics” work as the user expects? Other examples include rubber-banding when reaching the end of a list and tactile feedback on buttons. It feels normal for a wheel with mass, and they just naturally spin it back a bit. And if the users spin it past where they want to be, that is technically considered an “error” by most definitions, but it doesn’t feel like an error. The way the mass and inertia are exhibited is so real that it actually feels like a real wheel to the finger.
So, this display involves mass, inertia, and friction, all parameters of physics. But it also exhibits friction that soon slows it down and stops it. This display exhibits significant mass, so it has inertia that keeps it spinning after you release your finger. The scrolling is done as though the display was on a large wheel that you spin with your finger. Scrolling through lists on an iOS device such as an iPad, done by swiping the finger up or down, demonstrates a phenomenon called physics in interaction.
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When the idea of graphical user interfaces in personal computers became an economic feasibility, the designers at Xerox Parc were faced with an interesting UX design challenge: how to communicate to the users, most of whom were going to see this kind of computer for the first time, how the interaction design works.Įxample: Physics as a Metaphor in UX Conceptual Designs We use metaphors to control design complexity, making it easier to learn and easier to use instead of trying to reduce the overall complexity ( Carroll, Mack, & Kellogg, 1988).Ī good example is the now-pervasive desktop metaphor. What users already know about an existing system or existing phenomena can be adapted in learning how to use a new system ( Carroll & Thomas, 1982).
This familiarity becomes the foundation underlying and pervading the rest of the design. Metaphors are analogies for communication and explanations of the unfamiliar using familiar conventional knowledge. Metaphors control complexity by allowing users to adapt what they already know in learning how to use new system features. A central metaphor often becomes the theme of a product, the concept behind the conceptual design. Rex Hartson, Pardha Pyla, in The UX Book (Second Edition), 2019 15.3.6 Leveraging Metaphors in Conceptual DesignĪ metaphor is an analogy used in design to communicate and explain unfamiliar concepts using familiar conventional knowledge.
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